Which of the following is a criterion used to identify malnutrition?

• A. Weight gain
• B. Loss of subcutaneous fat
• C. Increased energy intake
• D. Normal functional status

Answer: (B)

Malnutrition is identified by signs of insufficient energy and protein intake, which lead to depletion of body stores. Loss of subcutaneous fat is a key clinical sign of this depletion because, when intake is chronically inadequate, the body catabolizes fat stores, resulting in noticeable thinning of fat under the skin in areas such as the temples, orbital regions, and around the triceps. This visible fat loss reflects a state of energy deficit and supports the diagnosis of malnutrition, especially when seen alongside other indicators like unintentional weight loss or reduced muscle mass.

Weight gain would not indicate malnutrition; increased energy intake or normal functional status can occur in various situations and do not signal malnutrition.