Which of the following is an adverse outcome associated with sarcopenia?

• A. Functional decline
• B. Weight gain due to inactivity
• C. Increased hand strength
• D. Improved balance

Answer: (A)

Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, directly compromises physical function. The most consistent adverse outcome is functional decline—older adults become less able to perform daily activities, move independently, and maintain mobility. When muscle power diminishes, tasks like standing from a chair, climbing stairs, and walking require more effort and become slower, increasing fatigue and the risk of falls. Over time, this functional impairment can lead to disability and greater dependence.

Weight gain from inactivity can occur in some individuals, but it is not the defining adverse consequence of sarcopenia. Increased hand strength or improved balance would indicate better, not worse, function, which conflicts with the effects of sarcopenia.