Which condition is listed as an indication for parenteral nutrition?

• A. Short Bowel Syndrome
• B. Normal bowel function
• C. Adequate oral intake
• D. No need for nutrition support

Answer: (A)

Parenteral nutrition is used when the gut cannot meet the body's nutritional needs, so nutrients must be delivered directly into the bloodstream. In Short Bowel Syndrome, a substantial portion of the small intestine has been removed, so the remaining bowel may not absorb enough calories, protein, fluids, and micronutrients to sustain the patient. Until an adequate enteral intake or the remaining bowel adapts, parenteral nutrition provides the necessary nutrients to prevent malnutrition and support healing. The other scenarios describe a functioning GI tract with sufficient intake, where parenteral nutrition would not be indicated because the body can meet its needs through digestion and absorption.